A seminal paper in the fragment field is the 1996 SAR by NMR
report in which two fragments were linked together. In theory, linking fragments
can give a massive improvement in affinity beyond simple additivity, but in practice
this is rare. The challenges of linking were not obvious in the early days, and
led to much hair-pulling. Indeed, partially for this reason, Teddy has asserted
that the 1996 paper is not just the most impactful paper in the field but also the
most destructive.
Nonetheless, there are successful examples of linking,
particularly for challenging targets (such as here and here). So how often does
it really work?
Our latest poll has two questions: one on fragment linking,
the other on fragment growing (see sidebars on right side of page). Tell us whether,
in your experience, fragment linking didn’t work at all, worked marginally (ie,
perhaps a modest boost in potency), worked OK (perhaps additivity), or worked
well (synergy). You can vote multiple times, so if you’ve worked on multiple
projects with different outcomes, please vote early and often. We’re asking the
same questions for fragment growing since these two strategies are often
compared.
Admittedly the categories are somewhat fungible: one
person’s “OK” may be another person’s “well,” and some may see merging where
others see linking. Still, hopefully we’ll get enough votes to discern some
trends.
I'm not all that amazed with this outcome. Though linking two fragments binding to different hot spots within a given binding site may appear conceptually beguiling, it is more likely to fail. First, the optimal orientation of the two independent fragments may be perturbed upon linking. Second, induced fit of a fragment binding with high efficiency to a specific hotspot may be disrupted when another fragment binds to an adjacent hotspot. So I would predict quite a bit of negative cooperation .
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